Titles and Contact Information
Vice Chairman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neurology
Director, Massachusetts General Hospital, Acute Stroke Services
Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School
Director, Partners TeleStroke Center, Massachusetts General Hospital
Appointments: (617) 726-8459
Fax Number: (617) 724-6834
Affiliations and Profiles
Clinical Interests
- Stroke
- NeuroCritical Care
- Telemedicine
Clinical Background
1991 |
M.D. Degree
|
Harvard Medical School |
1995 |
Residency
|
Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology |
1996 |
Fellowship
|
Massachusetts General Hospital NeuroCritical Care |
1996 |
Board Certification
|
Neurology |
2006 |
Re-certification
|
Neurology |
Articles
Nallamothu
BK, Krumholz
HM, Ko
DT, LaBresh
KA, Rathore
S, Roe
MT, Schwamm
L
Development of systems of care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients: gaps, barriers, and implications.
Circulation.
2007
Jul
10;
116
(2):
e68-72
Smith
EE, Abdullah
AR, Amirfarzan
H, Schwamm
LH
Serum lipid profile on admission for ischemic stroke: failure to meet National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII) guidelines.
Neurology.
2007
Feb
27;
68
(9):
660-5
Schwamm
L, Reeves
MJ, Frankel
M
Designing a sustainable national registry for stroke quality improvement.
Am J Prev Med.
2006
Dec
;
31
(6 Suppl 2):
S251-7
Reeves
MJ, Broderick
JP, Frankel
M, LaBresh
KA, Schwamm
L, Moomaw
CJ, Weiss
P, Katzan
I,
, Arora
S, Heinrich
JP, Hickenbottom
S, Karp
H, Malarcher
A, Mensah
G, Reeves
MJ
The Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry: initial results from four prototypes.
Am J Prev Med.
2006
Dec
;
31
(6 Suppl 2):
S202-9
Thomas
SH, Schwamm
LH, Lev
MH
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 16-2006. A 72-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department because of a sudden change in mental status.
N Engl J Med.
2006
May
25;
354
(21):
2263-71
Nguyen
TN, Rordorf
G, Schwamm
LH, Smith
EE
MRI contrast extravasation with enlarging hyperacute thrombolysis-related hemorrhage.
Neurology.
2006
Apr
25;
66
(8):
E30
Murugappan
A, Coplin
WM, Al-Sadat
AN, McAllen
KJ, Schwamm
LH, Wechsler
LR, Kidwell
CS, Saver
JL, Starkman
S, Gobin
YP, Duckwiler
G, Krueger
M, Rordorf
G, Broderick
JP, Tietjen
GE, Levine
SR
Thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke during pregnancy.
Neurology.
2006
Mar
14;
66
(5):
768-70
Sacco
RL, Adams
R, Albers
G, Alberts
MJ, Benavente
O, Furie
K, Goldstein
LB, Gorelick
P, Halperin
J, Harbaugh
R, Johnston
SC, Katzan
I, Kelly-Hayes
M, Kenton
EJ, Marks
M, Schwamm
LH, Tomsick
T,
,
,
Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Circulation.
2006
Mar
14;
113
(10):
e409-49
Ay
H, Koroshetz
WJ, Benner
T, Vangel
MG, Melinosky
C, Arsava
EM, Ayata
C, Zhu
M, Schwamm
LH, Sorensen
AG
Neuroanatomic correlates of stroke-related myocardial injury.
Neurology.
2006
May
9;
66
(9):
1325-9
Mashour
GA, Schwamm
LH, Leffert
L
Intracranial subdural hematomas and cerebral herniation after labor epidural with no evidence of dural puncture.
Anesthesiology.
2006
Mar
;
104
(3):
610-2
Smith
EE, Cannon
CP, Murphy
S, Feske
SK, Schwamm
LH
Risk factors for stroke after acute coronary syndromes in the Orbofiban in Patients with Unstable Coronary Syndromes--Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (OPUS-TIMI) 16 study.
Am Heart J.
2006
Feb
;
151
(2):
338-44
Sacco
RL, Adams
R, Albers
G, Alberts
MJ, Benavente
O, Furie
K, Goldstein
LB, Gorelick
P, Halperin
J, Harbaugh
R, Johnston
SC, Katzan
I, Kelly-Hayes
M, Kenton
EJ, Marks
M, Schwamm
LH, Tomsick
T,
,
,
,
Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Stroke.
2006
Feb
;
37
(2):
577-617
Schaefer
PW, Roccatagliata
L, Ledezma
C, Hoh
B, Schwamm
LH, Koroshetz
W, Gonzalez
RG, Lev
MH
First-pass quantitative CT perfusion identifies thresholds for salvageable penumbra in acute stroke patients treated with intra-arterial therapy.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2006
Jan
;
27
(1):
20-5
Smith
EE, Abdullah
AR, Petkovska
I, Rosenthal
E, Koroshetz
WJ, Schwamm
LH
Poor outcomes in patients who do not receive intravenous tissue plasminogen activator because of mild or improving ischemic stroke.
Stroke.
2005
Nov
;
36
(11):
2497-9
Sims
J, Schwamm
LH
The evolving role of acute stroke imaging in intravenous thrombolytic therapy: patient selection and outcomes assessment.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am.
2005
May
;
15
(2):
421-40, xii
Schwamm
LH, Rosenthal
ES, Swap
CJ, Rosand
J, Rordorf
G, Buonanno
FS, Vangel
MG, Koroshetz
WJ, Lev
MH
Hypoattenuation on CT angiographic source images predicts risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and outcome after intra-arterial reperfusion therapy.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2005
Aug
;
26
(7):
1798-803
Reeves
MJ, Arora
S, Broderick
JP, Frankel
M, Heinrich
JP, Hickenbottom
S, Karp
H, LaBresh
KA, Malarcher
A, Mensah
G, Moomaw
CJ, Schwamm
L, Weiss
P,
Acute stroke care in the US: results from 4 pilot prototypes of the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry.
Stroke.
2005
Jun
;
36
(6):
1232-40
Ay
H, Koroshetz
WJ, Benner
T, Vangel
MG, Wu
O, Schwamm
LH, Sorensen
AG
Transient ischemic attack with infarction: a unique syndrome?
Ann Neurol.
2005
May
;
57
(5):
679-86
Schwamm
LH, Pancioli
A, Acker
JE, Goldstein
LB, Zorowitz
RD, Shephard
TJ, Moyer
P, Gorman
M, Johnston
SC, Duncan
PW, Gorelick
P, Frank
J, Stranne
SK, Smith
R, Federspiel
W, Horton
KB, Magnis
E, Adams
RJ,
Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: recommendations from the American Stroke Association's Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems.
Circulation.
2005
Mar
1;
111
(8):
1078-91
Sims
JR, Rordorf
G, Smith
EE, Koroshetz
WJ, Lev
MH, Buonanno
F, Schwamm
LH
Arterial occlusion revealed by CT angiography predicts NIH stroke score and acute outcomes after IV tPA treatment.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2005
Feb
;
26
(2):
246-51
Schwamm
LH, Pancioli
A, Acker
JE, Goldstein
LB, Zorowitz
RD, Shephard
TJ, Moyer
P, Gorman
M, Johnston
SC, Duncan
PW, Gorelick
P, Frank
J, Stranne
SK, Smith
R, Federspiel
W, Horton
KB, Magnis
E, Adams
RJ,
Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: recommendations from the American Stroke Association's Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems.
Stroke.
2005
Mar
;
36
(3):
690-703
Schwamm
LH, Rosenthal
ES, Hirshberg
A, Schaefer
PW, Little
EA, Kvedar
JC, Petkovska
I, Koroshetz
WJ, Levine
SR
Virtual TeleStroke support for the emergency department evaluation of acute stroke.
Acad Emerg Med.
2004
Nov
;
11
(11):
1193-7
Coutts
SB, Lev
MH, Eliasziw
M, Roccatagliata
L, Hill
MD, Schwamm
LH, Pexman
JH, Koroshetz
WJ, Hudon
ME, Buchan
AM, Gonzalez
RG, Demchuk
AM
ASPECTS on CTA source images versus unenhanced CT: added value in predicting final infarct extent and clinical outcome.
Stroke.
2004
Nov
;
35
(11):
2472-6
Schaefer
PW, Huisman
TA, Sorensen
AG, Gonzalez
RG, Schwamm
LH
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in closed head injury: high correlation with initial glasgow coma scale score and score on modified Rankin scale at discharge.
Radiology.
2004
Oct
;
233
(1):
58-66
Schaefer
PW, Hassankhani
A, Putman
C, Sorensen
AG, Schwamm
L, Koroshetz
W, Gonzalez
RG
Characterization and evolution of diffusion MR imaging abnormalities in stroke patients undergoing intra-arterial thrombolysis.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
;
25
(6):
951-7
Schwamm
LH
Statins prevent first strokes...and they may improve the chances of recovery after a stroke.
Health News.
2004
Jun
;
10
(6):
10-1
Faxon
DP, Schwamm
LH, Pasternak
RC, Peterson
ED, McNeil
BJ, Bufalino
V, Yancy
CW, Brass
LM, Baker
DW, Bonow
RO, Smaha
LA, Jones
DW, Smith
SC, Ellrodt
G, Allen
J, Schwartz
SJ, Fonarow
G, Duncan
P, Horton
K, Smith
R, Stranne
S, Shine
K,
Improving quality of care through disease management: principles and recommendations from the American Heart Association's Expert Panel on Disease Management.
Circulation.
2004
Jun
1;
109
(21):
2651-4
Faxon
DP, Schwamm
LH, Pasternak
RC, Peterson
ED, McNeil
BJ, Bufalino
V, Yancy
CW, Brass
LM, Baker
DW, Bonow
RO, Smaha
LA, Jones
DW, Smith
SC, Ellrodt
G, Allen
J, Schwartz
SJ, Fonarow
G, Duncan
P, Horton
K, Smith
R, Stranne
S, Shine
K,
Improving quality of care through disease management: principles and recommendations from the American Heart Association's Expert Panel on Disease Management.
Stroke.
2004
Jun
;
35
(6):
1527-30
Huisman
TA, Schwamm
LH, Schaefer
PW, Koroshetz
WJ, Shetty-Alva
N, Ozsunar
Y, Wu
O, Sorensen
AG
Diffusion tensor imaging as potential biomarker of white matter injury in diffuse axonal injury.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2004
Mar
;
25
(3):
370-6
Carter
BS, Rabinov
JD, Pfannl
R, Schwamm
LH
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-2004 - a 57-year-old man with slurred speech and left hemiparesis.
N Engl J Med.
2004
Feb
12;
350
(7):
707-16
Wu
O, Østergaard
L, Koroshetz
WJ, Schwamm
LH, O'Donnell
J, Schaefer
PW, Rosen
BR, Weisskoff
RM, Sorensen
AG
Effects of tracer arrival time on flow estimates in MR perfusion-weighted imaging.
Magn Reson Med.
2003
Oct
;
50
(4):
856-64
Hunter
GJ, Silvennoinen
HM, Hamberg
LM, Koroshetz
WJ, Buonanno
FS, Schwamm
LH, Rordorf
GA, Gonzalez
RG
Whole-brain CT perfusion measurement of perfused cerebral blood volume in acute ischemic stroke: probability curve for regional infarction.
Radiology.
2003
Jun
;
227
(3):
725-30
Fox
ER, Picard
MH, Chow
CM, Levine
RA, Schwamm
L, Kerr
AJ
Interatrial septal mobility predicts larger shunts across patent foramen ovales: an analysis with transmitral Doppler scanning.
Am Heart J.
2003
Apr
;
145
(4):
730-6
Schwamm
LH
Experts want TIAs redefined. Transient ischemic attack symptoms are to a stroke what chest pain is to a heart attack.
Health News.
2003
Jan
;
9
(1):
1-2
Lev
MH, Koroshetz
WJ, Schwamm
LH, Gonzalez
RG
CT or MRI for imaging patients with acute stroke: visualization of "tissue at risk"?
Stroke.
2002
Dec
;
33
(12):
2736-7
Schaefer
PW, Hunter
GJ, He
J, Hamberg
LM, Sorensen
AG, Schwamm
LH, Koroshetz
WJ, Gonzalez
RG
Predicting cerebral ischemic infarct volume with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
;
23
(10):
1785-94
Caviness
VS, Makris
N, Montinaro
E, Sahin
NT, Bates
JF, Schwamm
L, Caplan
D, Kennedy
DN
Anatomy of stroke, Part II: volumetric characteristics with implications for the local architecture of the cerebral perfusion system.
Stroke.
2002
Nov
;
33
(11):
2557-64
Caviness
VS, Makris
N, Montinaro
E, Sahin
NT, Bates
JF, Schwamm
L, Caplan
D, Kennedy
DN
Anatomy of stroke, Part I: an MRI-based topographic and volumetric System of analysis.
Stroke.
2002
Nov
;
33
(11):
2549-56
Ay
H, Oliveira-Filho
J, Buonanno
FS, Schaefer
PW, Furie
KL, Chang
YC, Rordorf
G, Schwamm
LH, Gonzalez
RG, Koroshetz
WJ
'Footprints' of transient ischemic attacks: a diffusion-weighted MRI study.
Cerebrovasc Dis.
2002
;
14
(3-4):
177-86
Rabinov
J, Schwamm
L, Putman
C, González
RG, Koroshetz
W, Pryor
J
Image-guided vascular recanalization in acute stroke.
Semin Roentgenol.
2002
Jul
;
37
(3):
237-48
Romero
J, Schaefer
P, McDonald
C, Schwamm
L, González
RG
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging of acute stroke.
Semin Roentgenol.
2002
Jul
;
37
(3):
206-11
Thomas
SH, Kociszewski
C, Schwamm
LH, Wedel
SK
The evolving role of helicopter emergency medical services in the transfer of stroke patients to specialized centers.
Prehosp Emerg Care.
;
6
(2):
210-4
Ezzeddine
MA, Lev
MH, McDonald
CT, Rordorf
G, Oliveira-Filho
J, Aksoy
FG, Farkas
J, Segal
AZ, Schwamm
LH, Gonzalez
RG, Koroshetz
WJ
CT angiography with whole brain perfused blood volume imaging: added clinical value in the assessment of acute stroke.
Stroke.
2002
Apr
;
33
(4):
959-66
Schaefer
PW, Gonzalez
RG, Hunter
G, Wang
B, Koroshetz
WJ, Schwamm
LH
Diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient hyperintensity in selected patients with acute neurologic deficits.
J Neuroimaging.
2001
Oct
;
11
(4):
369-80
Grant
PE, He
J, Halpern
EF, Wu
O, Schaefer
PW, Schwamm
LH, Budzik
RF, Sorensen
AG, Koroshetz
WJ, Gonzalez
RG
Frequency and clinical context of decreased apparent diffusion coefficient reversal in the human brain.
Radiology.
2001
Oct
;
221
(1):
43-50
Copen
WA, Schwamm
LH, González
RG, Wu
O, Harmath
CB, Schaefer
PW, Koroshetz
WJ, Sorensen
AG
Ischemic stroke: effects of etiology and patient age on the time course of the core apparent diffusion coefficient.
Radiology.
2001
Oct
;
221
(1):
27-34
Lev
MH, Segal
AZ, Farkas
J, Hossain
ST, Putman
C, Hunter
GJ, Budzik
R, Harris
GJ, Buonanno
FS, Ezzeddine
MA, Chang
Y, Koroshetz
WJ, Gonzalez
RG, Schwamm
LH
Utility of perfusion-weighted CT imaging in acute middle cerebral artery stroke treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis: prediction of final infarct volume and clinical outcome.
Stroke.
2001
Sep
;
32
(9):
2021-8
Lev
MH, Farkas
J, Rodriguez
VR, Schwamm
LH, Hunter
GJ, Putman
CM, Rordorf
GA, Buonanno
FS, Budzik
R, Koroshetz
WJ, Gonzalez
RG
CT angiography in the rapid triage of patients with hyperacute stroke to intraarterial thrombolysis: accuracy in the detection of large vessel thrombus.
J Comput Assist Tomogr.
;
25
(4):
520-8
Greer
DM, Schaefer
PW, Schwamm
LH
Unilateral temporal lobe stroke causing ischemic transient global amnesia: role for diffusion-weighted imaging in the initial evaluation.
J Neuroimaging.
2001
Jul
;
11
(3):
317-9
Oliveira-Filho
J, Ezzeddine
MA, Segal
AZ, Buonanno
FS, Chang
Y, Ogilvy
CS, Rordorf
G, Schwamm
LH, Koroshetz
WJ, McDonald
CT
Fever in subarachnoid hemorrhage: relationship to vasospasm and outcome.
Neurology.
2001
May
22;
56
(10):
1299-304
Brooks
J, Daily
J, Schwamm
L
Protease inhibitors and anticonvulsants.
AIDS Clin Care.
1997
Nov
;
9
(11):
87, 90
Wu
O, Koroshetz
WJ, Ostergaard
L, Buonanno
FS, Copen
WA, Gonzalez
RG, Rordorf
G, Rosen
BR, Schwamm
LH, Weisskoff
RM, Sorensen
AG
Predicting tissue outcome in acute human cerebral ischemia using combined diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MR imaging.
Stroke.
2001
Apr
;
32
(4):
933-42
Golomb
MR, Durand
ML, Schaefer
PW, McDonald
CT, Maia
M, Schwamm
LH
A case of immunotherapy-responsive eastern equine encephalitis with diffusion-weighted imaging.
Neurology.
2001
Feb
13;
56
(3):
420-1
Ay
H, Oliveira-Filho
J, Buonanno
FS, Ezzeddine
M, Schaefer
PW, Rordorf
G, Schwamm
LH, Gonzalez
RG, Koroshetz
WJ
Diffusion-weighted imaging identifies a subset of lacunar infarction associated with embolic source.
Stroke.
1999
Dec
;
30
(12):
2644-50
Shafqat
S, Kvedar
JC, Guanci
MM, Chang
Y, Schwamm
LH
Role for telemedicine in acute stroke. Feasibility and reliability of remote administration of the NIH stroke scale.
Stroke.
1999
Oct
;
30
(10):
2141-5
Ay
H, Buonanno
FS, Rordorf
G, Schaefer
PW, Schwamm
LH, Wu
O, Gonzalez
RG, Yamada
K, Sorensen
GA, Koroshetz
WJ
Normal diffusion-weighted MRI during stroke-like deficits.
Neurology.
1999
Jun
10;
52
(9):
1784-92
Sorensen
AG, Copen
WA, Ostergaard
L, Buonanno
FS, Gonzalez
RG, Rordorf
G, Rosen
BR, Schwamm
LH, Weisskoff
RM, Koroshetz
WJ
Hyperacute stroke: simultaneous measurement of relative cerebral blood volume, relative cerebral blood flow, and mean tissue transit time.
Radiology.
1999
Feb
;
210
(2):
519-27
Rordorf
G, Koroshetz
WJ, Copen
WA, Gonzalez
G, Yamada
K, Schaefer
PW, Schwamm
LH, Ogilvy
CS, Sorensen
AG
Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging in vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Stroke.
1999
Mar
;
30
(3):
599-605
González
RG, Schaefer
PW, Buonanno
FS, Schwamm
LH, Budzik
RF, Rordorf
G, Wang
B, Sorensen
AG, Koroshetz
WJ
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging: diagnostic accuracy in patients imaged within 6 hours of stroke symptom onset.
Radiology.
1999
Jan
;
210
(1):
155-62
Schwamm
LH, Koroshetz
WJ, Sorensen
AG, Wang
B, Copen
WA, Budzik
R, Rordorf
G, Buonanno
FS, Schaefer
PW, Gonzalez
RG
Time course of lesion development in patients with acute stroke: serial diffusion- and hemodynamic-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
Stroke.
1998
Nov
;
29
(11):
2268-76
Polidori
MC, Frei
B, Cherubini
A, Nelles
G, Rordorf
G, Keaney
JF, Schwamm
L, Mecocci
P, Koroshetz
WJ, Beal
MF
Increased plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides in patients with ischemic stroke.
Free Radic Biol Med.
1998
Sep
;
25
(4-5):
561-7
Cramer
SC, Rordorf
G, Kaufman
JA, Buonanno
F, Koroshetz
WJ, Schwamm
L
Clinically occult pelvic-vein thrombosis in cryptogenic stroke.
Lancet.
1998
Jun
27;
351
(9120):
1927-8
Schwamm
LH
What you need to know about strokes.
Health News.
1998
Jun
1;
4
(7):
1-2
Rordorf
G, Koroshetz
WJ, Copen
WA, Cramer
SC, Schaefer
PW, Budzik
RF, Schwamm
LH, Buonanno
F, Sorensen
AG, Gonzalez
G
Regional ischemia and ischemic injury in patients with acute middle cerebral artery stroke as defined by early diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted MRI.
Stroke.
1998
May
;
29
(5):
939-43
Manno
EM, Gress
DR, Schwamm
LH, Diringer
MN, Ogilvy
CS
Effects of induced hypertension on transcranial Doppler ultrasound velocities in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Stroke.
1998
Feb
;
29
(2):
422-8
Hunter
GJ, Hamberg
LM, Ponzo
JA, Huang-Hellinger
FR, Morris
PP, Rabinov
J, Farkas
J, Lev
MH, Schaefer
PW, Ogilvy
CS, Schwamm
L, Buonanno
FS, Koroshetz
WJ, Wolf
GL, González
RG
Assessment of cerebral perfusion and arterial anatomy in hyperacute stroke with three-dimensional functional CT: early clinical results.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
1998
Jan
;
19
(1):
29-37
Rordorf
G, Cramer
SC, Efird
JT, Schwamm
LH, Buonanno
F, Koroshetz
WJ
Pharmacological elevation of blood pressure in acute stroke. Clinical effects and safety.
Stroke.
1997
Nov
;
28
(11):
2133-8
Schaefer
PW, Buonanno
FS, Gonzalez
RG, Schwamm
LH
Diffusion-weighted imaging discriminates between cytotoxic and vasogenic edema in a patient with eclampsia.
Stroke.
1997
May
;
28
(5):
1082-5
Shapiro
BE, Rordorf
G, Schwamm
L, Preston
DC
Delayed radiation-induced bulbar palsy.
Neurology.
1996
Jun
;
46
(6):
1604-6
Sorensen
AG, Buonanno
FS, Gonzalez
RG, Schwamm
LH, Lev
MH, Huang-Hellinger
FR, Reese
TG, Weisskoff
RM, Davis
TL, Suwanwela
N, Can
U, Moreira
JA, Copen
WA, Look
RB, Finklestein
SP, Rosen
BR, Koroshetz
WJ
Hyperacute stroke: evaluation with combined multisection diffusion-weighted and hemodynamically weighted echo-planar MR imaging.
Radiology.
1996
May
;
199
(2):
391-401
Eng
C, Cunningham
D, Quade
BJ, Schwamm
L, Kantoff
PW, Skarin
AT
Meningeal carcinomatosis from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Cancer.
1993
Jul
15;
72
(2):
553-7
Schwamm
LH, Van Dyke
C, Kiernan
RJ, Merrin
EL, Mueller
J
The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: comparison with the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination in a neurosurgical population.
Ann Intern Med.
1987
Oct
;
107
(4):
486-91