Lee H. Schwamm, M.D.

Titles and Contact Information

Vice Chairman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neurology

Director, Massachusetts General Hospital, Acute Stroke Services

Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School

Director, Partners TeleStroke Center, Massachusetts General Hospital

Appointments: (617) 726-8459
Fax Number: (617) 724-6834

Affiliations and Profiles

Department of Neurology [Clinical Faculty]

Massachusetts General Hospital Stroke Service [Clinical Faculty]

Health Science and Technology Division, MIT [Research Faculty]

Clinical Interests

Stroke
NeuroCritical Care
Telemedicine

Clinical Background

1991	M.D. Degree	Harvard Medical School
1995	Residency	Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology
1996	Fellowship	Massachusetts General Hospital NeuroCritical Care
1996	Board Certification	Neurology
2006	Re-certification	Neurology

Articles

Nallamothu BK, Krumholz HM, Ko DT, LaBresh KA, Rathore S, Roe MT, Schwamm L
Development of systems of care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients: gaps, barriers, and implications.
Circulation. 2007 Jul 10; 116 (2): e68-72

Smith EE, Abdullah AR, Amirfarzan H, Schwamm LH
Serum lipid profile on admission for ischemic stroke: failure to meet National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII) guidelines.
Neurology. 2007 Feb 27; 68 (9): 660-5

Schwamm L, Reeves MJ, Frankel M
Designing a sustainable national registry for stroke quality improvement.
Am J Prev Med. 2006 Dec ; 31 (6 Suppl 2): S251-7

Reeves MJ, Broderick JP, Frankel M, LaBresh KA, Schwamm L, Moomaw CJ, Weiss P, Katzan I, , Arora S, Heinrich JP, Hickenbottom S, Karp H, Malarcher A, Mensah G, Reeves MJ
The Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry: initial results from four prototypes.
Am J Prev Med. 2006 Dec ; 31 (6 Suppl 2): S202-9

Thomas SH, Schwamm LH, Lev MH
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 16-2006. A 72-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department because of a sudden change in mental status.
N Engl J Med. 2006 May 25; 354 (21): 2263-71

Nguyen TN, Rordorf G, Schwamm LH, Smith EE
MRI contrast extravasation with enlarging hyperacute thrombolysis-related hemorrhage.
Neurology. 2006 Apr 25; 66 (8): E30

Murugappan A, Coplin WM, Al-Sadat AN, McAllen KJ, Schwamm LH, Wechsler LR, Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Starkman S, Gobin YP, Duckwiler G, Krueger M, Rordorf G, Broderick JP, Tietjen GE, Levine SR
Thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke during pregnancy.
Neurology. 2006 Mar 14; 66 (5): 768-70

Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G, Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, Gorelick P, Halperin J, Harbaugh R, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kelly-Hayes M, Kenton EJ, Marks M, Schwamm LH, Tomsick T, , ,
Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Circulation. 2006 Mar 14; 113 (10): e409-49

Ay H, Koroshetz WJ, Benner T, Vangel MG, Melinosky C, Arsava EM, Ayata C, Zhu M, Schwamm LH, Sorensen AG
Neuroanatomic correlates of stroke-related myocardial injury.
Neurology. 2006 May 9; 66 (9): 1325-9

Mashour GA, Schwamm LH, Leffert L
Intracranial subdural hematomas and cerebral herniation after labor epidural with no evidence of dural puncture.
Anesthesiology. 2006 Mar ; 104 (3): 610-2

Smith EE, Cannon CP, Murphy S, Feske SK, Schwamm LH
Risk factors for stroke after acute coronary syndromes in the Orbofiban in Patients with Unstable Coronary Syndromes--Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (OPUS-TIMI) 16 study.
Am Heart J. 2006 Feb ; 151 (2): 338-44

Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G, Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, Gorelick P, Halperin J, Harbaugh R, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kelly-Hayes M, Kenton EJ, Marks M, Schwamm LH, Tomsick T, , , ,
Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Stroke. 2006 Feb ; 37 (2): 577-617

Schaefer PW, Roccatagliata L, Ledezma C, Hoh B, Schwamm LH, Koroshetz W, Gonzalez RG, Lev MH
First-pass quantitative CT perfusion identifies thresholds for salvageable penumbra in acute stroke patients treated with intra-arterial therapy.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Jan ; 27 (1): 20-5

Smith EE, Abdullah AR, Petkovska I, Rosenthal E, Koroshetz WJ, Schwamm LH
Poor outcomes in patients who do not receive intravenous tissue plasminogen activator because of mild or improving ischemic stroke.
Stroke. 2005 Nov ; 36 (11): 2497-9

Sims J, Schwamm LH
The evolving role of acute stroke imaging in intravenous thrombolytic therapy: patient selection and outcomes assessment.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2005 May ; 15 (2): 421-40, xii

Schwamm LH, Rosenthal ES, Swap CJ, Rosand J, Rordorf G, Buonanno FS, Vangel MG, Koroshetz WJ, Lev MH
Hypoattenuation on CT angiographic source images predicts risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and outcome after intra-arterial reperfusion therapy.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005 Aug ; 26 (7): 1798-803

Reeves MJ, Arora S, Broderick JP, Frankel M, Heinrich JP, Hickenbottom S, Karp H, LaBresh KA, Malarcher A, Mensah G, Moomaw CJ, Schwamm L, Weiss P,
Acute stroke care in the US: results from 4 pilot prototypes of the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry.
Stroke. 2005 Jun ; 36 (6): 1232-40

Ay H, Koroshetz WJ, Benner T, Vangel MG, Wu O, Schwamm LH, Sorensen AG
Transient ischemic attack with infarction: a unique syndrome?
Ann Neurol. 2005 May ; 57 (5): 679-86

Schwamm LH, Pancioli A, Acker JE, Goldstein LB, Zorowitz RD, Shephard TJ, Moyer P, Gorman M, Johnston SC, Duncan PW, Gorelick P, Frank J, Stranne SK, Smith R, Federspiel W, Horton KB, Magnis E, Adams RJ,
Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: recommendations from the American Stroke Association's Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems.
Circulation. 2005 Mar 1; 111 (8): 1078-91

Sims JR, Rordorf G, Smith EE, Koroshetz WJ, Lev MH, Buonanno F, Schwamm LH
Arterial occlusion revealed by CT angiography predicts NIH stroke score and acute outcomes after IV tPA treatment.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005 Feb ; 26 (2): 246-51

Schwamm LH, Rosenthal ES, Hirshberg A, Schaefer PW, Little EA, Kvedar JC, Petkovska I, Koroshetz WJ, Levine SR
Virtual TeleStroke support for the emergency department evaluation of acute stroke.
Acad Emerg Med. 2004 Nov ; 11 (11): 1193-7

Coutts SB, Lev MH, Eliasziw M, Roccatagliata L, Hill MD, Schwamm LH, Pexman JH, Koroshetz WJ, Hudon ME, Buchan AM, Gonzalez RG, Demchuk AM
ASPECTS on CTA source images versus unenhanced CT: added value in predicting final infarct extent and clinical outcome.
Stroke. 2004 Nov ; 35 (11): 2472-6

Schaefer PW, Huisman TA, Sorensen AG, Gonzalez RG, Schwamm LH
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in closed head injury: high correlation with initial glasgow coma scale score and score on modified Rankin scale at discharge.
Radiology. 2004 Oct ; 233 (1): 58-66

Schaefer PW, Hassankhani A, Putman C, Sorensen AG, Schwamm L, Koroshetz W, Gonzalez RG
Characterization and evolution of diffusion MR imaging abnormalities in stroke patients undergoing intra-arterial thrombolysis.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. ; 25 (6): 951-7

Schwamm LH
Statins prevent first strokes...and they may improve the chances of recovery after a stroke.
Health News. 2004 Jun ; 10 (6): 10-1

Faxon DP, Schwamm LH, Pasternak RC, Peterson ED, McNeil BJ, Bufalino V, Yancy CW, Brass LM, Baker DW, Bonow RO, Smaha LA, Jones DW, Smith SC, Ellrodt G, Allen J, Schwartz SJ, Fonarow G, Duncan P, Horton K, Smith R, Stranne S, Shine K,
Improving quality of care through disease management: principles and recommendations from the American Heart Association's Expert Panel on Disease Management.
Circulation. 2004 Jun 1; 109 (21): 2651-4

Huisman TA, Schwamm LH, Schaefer PW, Koroshetz WJ, Shetty-Alva N, Ozsunar Y, Wu O, Sorensen AG
Diffusion tensor imaging as potential biomarker of white matter injury in diffuse axonal injury.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004 Mar ; 25 (3): 370-6

Carter BS, Rabinov JD, Pfannl R, Schwamm LH
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-2004 - a 57-year-old man with slurred speech and left hemiparesis.
N Engl J Med. 2004 Feb 12; 350 (7): 707-16

Wu O, Østergaard L, Koroshetz WJ, Schwamm LH, O'Donnell J, Schaefer PW, Rosen BR, Weisskoff RM, Sorensen AG
Effects of tracer arrival time on flow estimates in MR perfusion-weighted imaging.
Magn Reson Med. 2003 Oct ; 50 (4): 856-64

Hunter GJ, Silvennoinen HM, Hamberg LM, Koroshetz WJ, Buonanno FS, Schwamm LH, Rordorf GA, Gonzalez RG
Whole-brain CT perfusion measurement of perfused cerebral blood volume in acute ischemic stroke: probability curve for regional infarction.
Radiology. 2003 Jun ; 227 (3): 725-30

Fox ER, Picard MH, Chow CM, Levine RA, Schwamm L, Kerr AJ
Interatrial septal mobility predicts larger shunts across patent foramen ovales: an analysis with transmitral Doppler scanning.
Am Heart J. 2003 Apr ; 145 (4): 730-6

Schwamm LH
Experts want TIAs redefined. Transient ischemic attack symptoms are to a stroke what chest pain is to a heart attack.
Health News. 2003 Jan ; 9 (1): 1-2

Lev MH, Koroshetz WJ, Schwamm LH, Gonzalez RG
CT or MRI for imaging patients with acute stroke: visualization of "tissue at risk"?
Stroke. 2002 Dec ; 33 (12): 2736-7

Schaefer PW, Hunter GJ, He J, Hamberg LM, Sorensen AG, Schwamm LH, Koroshetz WJ, Gonzalez RG
Predicting cerebral ischemic infarct volume with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. ; 23 (10): 1785-94

Caviness VS, Makris N, Montinaro E, Sahin NT, Bates JF, Schwamm L, Caplan D, Kennedy DN
Anatomy of stroke, Part II: volumetric characteristics with implications for the local architecture of the cerebral perfusion system.
Stroke. 2002 Nov ; 33 (11): 2557-64

Caviness VS, Makris N, Montinaro E, Sahin NT, Bates JF, Schwamm L, Caplan D, Kennedy DN
Anatomy of stroke, Part I: an MRI-based topographic and volumetric System of analysis.
Stroke. 2002 Nov ; 33 (11): 2549-56

Ay H, Oliveira-Filho J, Buonanno FS, Schaefer PW, Furie KL, Chang YC, Rordorf G, Schwamm LH, Gonzalez RG, Koroshetz WJ
'Footprints' of transient ischemic attacks: a diffusion-weighted MRI study.
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2002 ; 14 (3-4): 177-86

Rabinov J, Schwamm L, Putman C, González RG, Koroshetz W, Pryor J
Image-guided vascular recanalization in acute stroke.
Semin Roentgenol. 2002 Jul ; 37 (3): 237-48

Romero J, Schaefer P, McDonald C, Schwamm L, González RG
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging of acute stroke.
Semin Roentgenol. 2002 Jul ; 37 (3): 206-11

Thomas SH, Kociszewski C, Schwamm LH, Wedel SK
The evolving role of helicopter emergency medical services in the transfer of stroke patients to specialized centers.
Prehosp Emerg Care. ; 6 (2): 210-4

Ezzeddine MA, Lev MH, McDonald CT, Rordorf G, Oliveira-Filho J, Aksoy FG, Farkas J, Segal AZ, Schwamm LH, Gonzalez RG, Koroshetz WJ
CT angiography with whole brain perfused blood volume imaging: added clinical value in the assessment of acute stroke.
Stroke. 2002 Apr ; 33 (4): 959-66

Schaefer PW, Gonzalez RG, Hunter G, Wang B, Koroshetz WJ, Schwamm LH
Diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient hyperintensity in selected patients with acute neurologic deficits.
J Neuroimaging. 2001 Oct ; 11 (4): 369-80

Grant PE, He J, Halpern EF, Wu O, Schaefer PW, Schwamm LH, Budzik RF, Sorensen AG, Koroshetz WJ, Gonzalez RG
Frequency and clinical context of decreased apparent diffusion coefficient reversal in the human brain.
Radiology. 2001 Oct ; 221 (1): 43-50

Copen WA, Schwamm LH, González RG, Wu O, Harmath CB, Schaefer PW, Koroshetz WJ, Sorensen AG
Ischemic stroke: effects of etiology and patient age on the time course of the core apparent diffusion coefficient.
Radiology. 2001 Oct ; 221 (1): 27-34

Lev MH, Segal AZ, Farkas J, Hossain ST, Putman C, Hunter GJ, Budzik R, Harris GJ, Buonanno FS, Ezzeddine MA, Chang Y, Koroshetz WJ, Gonzalez RG, Schwamm LH
Utility of perfusion-weighted CT imaging in acute middle cerebral artery stroke treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis: prediction of final infarct volume and clinical outcome.
Stroke. 2001 Sep ; 32 (9): 2021-8

Lev MH, Farkas J, Rodriguez VR, Schwamm LH, Hunter GJ, Putman CM, Rordorf GA, Buonanno FS, Budzik R, Koroshetz WJ, Gonzalez RG
CT angiography in the rapid triage of patients with hyperacute stroke to intraarterial thrombolysis: accuracy in the detection of large vessel thrombus.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. ; 25 (4): 520-8

Greer DM, Schaefer PW, Schwamm LH
Unilateral temporal lobe stroke causing ischemic transient global amnesia: role for diffusion-weighted imaging in the initial evaluation.
J Neuroimaging. 2001 Jul ; 11 (3): 317-9

Oliveira-Filho J, Ezzeddine MA, Segal AZ, Buonanno FS, Chang Y, Ogilvy CS, Rordorf G, Schwamm LH, Koroshetz WJ, McDonald CT
Fever in subarachnoid hemorrhage: relationship to vasospasm and outcome.
Neurology. 2001 May 22; 56 (10): 1299-304

Brooks J, Daily J, Schwamm L
Protease inhibitors and anticonvulsants.
AIDS Clin Care. 1997 Nov ; 9 (11): 87, 90

Wu O, Koroshetz WJ, Ostergaard L, Buonanno FS, Copen WA, Gonzalez RG, Rordorf G, Rosen BR, Schwamm LH, Weisskoff RM, Sorensen AG
Predicting tissue outcome in acute human cerebral ischemia using combined diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MR imaging.
Stroke. 2001 Apr ; 32 (4): 933-42

Golomb MR, Durand ML, Schaefer PW, McDonald CT, Maia M, Schwamm LH
A case of immunotherapy-responsive eastern equine encephalitis with diffusion-weighted imaging.
Neurology. 2001 Feb 13; 56 (3): 420-1

Ay H, Oliveira-Filho J, Buonanno FS, Ezzeddine M, Schaefer PW, Rordorf G, Schwamm LH, Gonzalez RG, Koroshetz WJ
Diffusion-weighted imaging identifies a subset of lacunar infarction associated with embolic source.
Stroke. 1999 Dec ; 30 (12): 2644-50

Shafqat S, Kvedar JC, Guanci MM, Chang Y, Schwamm LH
Role for telemedicine in acute stroke. Feasibility and reliability of remote administration of the NIH stroke scale.
Stroke. 1999 Oct ; 30 (10): 2141-5

Ay H, Buonanno FS, Rordorf G, Schaefer PW, Schwamm LH, Wu O, Gonzalez RG, Yamada K, Sorensen GA, Koroshetz WJ
Normal diffusion-weighted MRI during stroke-like deficits.
Neurology. 1999 Jun 10; 52 (9): 1784-92

Sorensen AG, Copen WA, Ostergaard L, Buonanno FS, Gonzalez RG, Rordorf G, Rosen BR, Schwamm LH, Weisskoff RM, Koroshetz WJ
Hyperacute stroke: simultaneous measurement of relative cerebral blood volume, relative cerebral blood flow, and mean tissue transit time.
Radiology. 1999 Feb ; 210 (2): 519-27

Rordorf G, Koroshetz WJ, Copen WA, Gonzalez G, Yamada K, Schaefer PW, Schwamm LH, Ogilvy CS, Sorensen AG
Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging in vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Stroke. 1999 Mar ; 30 (3): 599-605

González RG, Schaefer PW, Buonanno FS, Schwamm LH, Budzik RF, Rordorf G, Wang B, Sorensen AG, Koroshetz WJ
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging: diagnostic accuracy in patients imaged within 6 hours of stroke symptom onset.
Radiology. 1999 Jan ; 210 (1): 155-62

Schwamm LH, Koroshetz WJ, Sorensen AG, Wang B, Copen WA, Budzik R, Rordorf G, Buonanno FS, Schaefer PW, Gonzalez RG
Time course of lesion development in patients with acute stroke: serial diffusion- and hemodynamic-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
Stroke. 1998 Nov ; 29 (11): 2268-76

Polidori MC, Frei B, Cherubini A, Nelles G, Rordorf G, Keaney JF, Schwamm L, Mecocci P, Koroshetz WJ, Beal MF
Increased plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides in patients with ischemic stroke.
Free Radic Biol Med. 1998 Sep ; 25 (4-5): 561-7

Cramer SC, Rordorf G, Kaufman JA, Buonanno F, Koroshetz WJ, Schwamm L
Clinically occult pelvic-vein thrombosis in cryptogenic stroke.
Lancet. 1998 Jun 27; 351 (9120): 1927-8

Schwamm LH
What you need to know about strokes.
Health News. 1998 Jun 1; 4 (7): 1-2

Rordorf G, Koroshetz WJ, Copen WA, Cramer SC, Schaefer PW, Budzik RF, Schwamm LH, Buonanno F, Sorensen AG, Gonzalez G
Regional ischemia and ischemic injury in patients with acute middle cerebral artery stroke as defined by early diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted MRI.
Stroke. 1998 May ; 29 (5): 939-43

Manno EM, Gress DR, Schwamm LH, Diringer MN, Ogilvy CS
Effects of induced hypertension on transcranial Doppler ultrasound velocities in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Stroke. 1998 Feb ; 29 (2): 422-8

Hunter GJ, Hamberg LM, Ponzo JA, Huang-Hellinger FR, Morris PP, Rabinov J, Farkas J, Lev MH, Schaefer PW, Ogilvy CS, Schwamm L, Buonanno FS, Koroshetz WJ, Wolf GL, González RG
Assessment of cerebral perfusion and arterial anatomy in hyperacute stroke with three-dimensional functional CT: early clinical results.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998 Jan ; 19 (1): 29-37

Rordorf G, Cramer SC, Efird JT, Schwamm LH, Buonanno F, Koroshetz WJ
Pharmacological elevation of blood pressure in acute stroke. Clinical effects and safety.
Stroke. 1997 Nov ; 28 (11): 2133-8

Schaefer PW, Buonanno FS, Gonzalez RG, Schwamm LH
Diffusion-weighted imaging discriminates between cytotoxic and vasogenic edema in a patient with eclampsia.
Stroke. 1997 May ; 28 (5): 1082-5

Shapiro BE, Rordorf G, Schwamm L, Preston DC
Delayed radiation-induced bulbar palsy.
Neurology. 1996 Jun ; 46 (6): 1604-6

Sorensen AG, Buonanno FS, Gonzalez RG, Schwamm LH, Lev MH, Huang-Hellinger FR, Reese TG, Weisskoff RM, Davis TL, Suwanwela N, Can U, Moreira JA, Copen WA, Look RB, Finklestein SP, Rosen BR, Koroshetz WJ
Hyperacute stroke: evaluation with combined multisection diffusion-weighted and hemodynamically weighted echo-planar MR imaging.
Radiology. 1996 May ; 199 (2): 391-401

Eng C, Cunningham D, Quade BJ, Schwamm L, Kantoff PW, Skarin AT
Meningeal carcinomatosis from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Cancer. 1993 Jul 15; 72 (2): 553-7

Schwamm LH, Van Dyke C, Kiernan RJ, Merrin EL, Mueller J
The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: comparison with the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination in a neurosurgical population.
Ann Intern Med. 1987 Oct ; 107 (4): 486-91

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